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Transmission type: automatic or manual and how it’s geared. When you’re shopping carburetion or even throttle body EFI, you need to figure in every element and how each will affect. This package fits '07+ 350Zs and G35 sedans equipped with the VQ35HR (dual throttle body) engine and is capable of holding the power of all naturally aspirated and most forced induction applications up to 500 ft-lb tq. At the same time reducing the total weight of the clutch and flywheel assembly up to 16lbs less than stock. Package includes.

• Body Tech By Formula Dual Weight Stack Manual Transmission Fluid
• Body Tech By Formula Dual Weight Stack Manual Transmission For Sale

The original Plymouth Duster is a semi-fastback two-door coupe version of the compact-sizedPlymouth Valiant automobile that was marketed by Plymouth in the U.S. from 1970 to 1976 model years.^[4]

• 2Year-by-year changes

History[edit]

The Duster coupe provided the compact-sized Plymouth Valiant with a sporty body style to attract customers.^[5] The car was a $15 million effort to update the compact Valiant for the 1970 model year.^[6] The Valiant badge appeared only on the first model year Dusters, and continued to be used on all the companion 4-door sedan and 2-door Valiant Scamp hardtop models. The Duster was built on the Valiant platform and shared the same front end sheet metal, but featured a different design from the cowl back.

The Duster was also positioned to compete with Ford's slightly smaller semi-fastback Maverick compact car and the AMC Hornet that were both also introduced in 1970, and the slightly larger semi-fastback Chevrolet Nova whose design was introduced in 1968.^[2] While the Maverick and Nova were offered in a 4-door sedan body style, the Duster nameplate was used only for the 2-door coupe. The Duster was also marketed as an alternative to the original Volkswagen Beetle, as well as the new class of domestic subcompact cars such as the Chevrolet Vega.^[6][7][8]

Numerous trim and option package variants of the Duster were offered with names that included Feather Duster, Gold Duster, Silver Duster, Space Duster, Duster Twister, Duster 340 and Duster 360. These marketing variations of the basic Duster design targeted customers seeking economy, cargo capacity, and/or performance.

Duster logo was, and still remains, one of the most recognizable automobile logos. Chrysler employee, Thomas Bertsch (1952-1987), created the 'twister' logo and font. Many corresponding graphics were used for different trim packages over the years. Bertsch was the director of the interior styling and design studio for much of his career.

Year-by-year changes[edit]

1970[edit]

The Plymouth Duster introduced in late-1969 for the 1970 model year was all Valiant from the cowl forward, but the rest of the car's sheet metal, save door skins, was completely different. The design incorporated a semi-fastback roof and a special rear valance with for having no bezels. The door glass was operated by a new regulator mechanism, required to fit the much more radical tumblehome (reduced side glass radius), and the windshield was more steeply raked. For 1970 only, a small Valiant badge went on the front fenders just above the Duster badge.

The 1970 Duster was available in two models — the standard Duster and a performance-oriented Duster 340. Engine options were 198 cu in (3.2 L) and 225 cu in (3.7 L) versions of Chrysler's Slant Six, as well as the 318 cu in (5.2 L) and 340 cu in (5.6 L) LA-seriesV8s.

At midyear, a Gold Duster trim package was added. The Gold Duster package came with either the ' badging, gold stripes on the sides and rear, wall-to-wall carpeting, pleated, all-vinyl seats, whitewalls, wheel covers, a deluxe insulation package, and a canopy vinyl roof. The Gold Duster was offered through /Valiant 1975 small cars from Plymouth' printed 8-1-74 form no. 81-005-0003 page 2 outlines the Gold Duster, of which 24,817 were equipped with the 340 engine.^[9]

1971[edit]

The Duster was a success for Plymouth, so much so that in 1971 Dodge requested and received their own version, the Demon. In response, Plymouth was given a version of the Dodge Dart Swinger 2-door hardtop named the Plymouth Valiant Scamp.

For 1971, only small changes were made to the Duster. The 'Valiant' fender badges and 'Plymouth' grille logotype were deleted. A new trim package was released, called the Duster Twister. The Twister package presented the appearance of the Duster 340, but came only with the base I6 or 318 V8. The Twister's appearance package included special side stripes that mimicked the Duster 340 Wedge stripes, a matte-black hood and the 340's special shark-tooth grille. A nonfunctional dual hood scoop and rear spoiler appearance package was available, as were high-back bucket seats and dual exhaust.

A new electronic 'breakerless' ignition became optional on the 340 V8 late in 1971 model year. In 1971, 186,478 Plymouth Dusters were built, with 12,886 being the higher horsepower 340 cubic inch fastback models.^[10]

1972[edit]

The Duster was not changed significantly for 1972. New surface-mount sidemarker lights replaced the previous flush-mount items, the taillamps became larger, one-piece units. The power rating of the 340 V8 was reduced from 275 bhp (205 kW) to 245 bhp (183 kW) due in part to a reduction in compression ratio from 10.2:1 to 8.5:1, as well as changing the intake valves from 2.02 in (51 mm) to 1.88 in (48 mm).^[11] All horsepower rating numbers, even on unchanged engines, decreased for 1972 due to a new rating protocol. Chrysler's electronic ignition became standard on the 340 models in 1972. Also, there was a 1 year only air cleaner that had a vacuum operated door at the bottom to allow for additional air flow when the throttle is depressed.

1973[edit]

Following the design changes on the Valiant models, the Duster also received a new hood, grille, front fenders, bumpers, and taillights for 1973. The taillights on previous years mounted from the inside and had a flush appearance. Starting in 1973, the taillights were mounted from the outside and were trimmed in chrome. These remained unchanged through 1976. The Dodge version, the Demon, was rebranded 'Dart Sport' in response to church groups opposition to the word, 'Demon.'

Other changes were in store for the Plymouth Duster. Simpler single-piston slider-type disc brake calipers were introduced for 1973 (standard on 318-powered cars and with power-assist on 340 models), replacing the Kelsey Hayes four-piston calipers. Disc brake-equipped Dusters now had the more-common 5-lugs on 4.5' wheel bolt pattern. All 340 and some 318 engine-equipped cars received the simplified 8.25' rear axle assembly (with wheel bearings riding directly on the axle shaft and endplay being taken by C-clips); these axles also featured the 5-on-4.5' wheel bolt pattern. (This axle assembly replaced the 8.75' 'drop-out' arrangement seen on some 1966-1972 A-bodies). The 225-powered cars retained the 5-lugs on 4' pattern on vehicles with the standard drum brakes. A three speed Torque Flight automatic along with a manual transmission was offered with the 225 slant six. All models received larger front wheel bearings and increased spindle diameter. Electronic ignition became standard across the board.

Also a Space Duster package was offered. This allowed the back bench seat to be folded down, allowing more space to carry cargo. There is also a security flap allowing private things to be stashed away from view of others.

A new, metal sunroof was optional for 1973. The rear window defroster/defogger was upgraded to an electric-grid style for 1973, which replaced the previous recessed package shelf air blower.

1974[edit]

For 1974, Plymouth replaced the 340 with a 360 cu in (5.9 L) version of the corporate LA-series V8, de-tuned to meet new emissions regulations. The new for 1974 'E58' 360 engine produced 245 bhp (183 kW) by utilizing the camshaft, heads, intake manifold, carburetor, and dual-exhaust set up from the past 340 engine. New retractable front seat belts were added. In the midst of the first oil crisis, 1974 would be the Duster's best sales year, with a total of 281,378 Duster-bodied cars produced, majority of which being the six cylinder and 318 V8 models.^[12]In 1974 there was a separate model called the Duster 360. Standard equipment included the 360 engine, dual exhaust, power disc brakes, full side tape stripe, rear tape stripe, heavier suspension, shocks, added sway bar, and 8 1/4' rear end. Plymouth built 3,969 of these models and most came with automatic transmissions, and very few having manual transmissions. Duster 360 options included Goodyear raised white letter tires on rallye wheels. Air conditioning and fold back sunroof or flip down rear seat were also available. ^[13]

1975[edit]

The 1975 models were mostly unchanged from the previous two years, with some exceptions: a new grille with a return of the Plymouth 3-pointed-'spear' affixed to the grille's center; catalytic converters were added to 225 Slant Six and 318 V8 models (the 360 was not equipped with a converter and its power was now 235 bhp (175 kW), due to the addition of a secondary air injection system, commonly referred to as a 'smog pump'. Less than 2000 of the 1975 model Dusters left the factory equipped with the 360 engine.

1976[edit]

The grille-mounted park and turn signal lenses were amber; prior years had colorless lenses with amber bulbs. The interior rear view mirror was mounted directly to the windshield rather than to the previous double-pivot roof bracket, and the parking brake was now foot- rather than hand-operated. Disc brakes became standard equipment on cars built after 1 January 1976.

Several special models were offered:

• The Feather Duster featured lightweight aluminum parts including the intake manifold, bumper brackets, hood and trunk bracing, and manual transmission housing, for a weight savings of about 187 lb (84.8 kg)—5% lighter than a standard Duster similarly equipped. It came with a 225 Slant Six with its distributor and single-barrel carburetor calibrated for economy, a low-restriction exhaust system, an extra-high rear axle ratio, and was offered with either the Torqueflite 3-speed automatic or A833 overdrive 4-speed manual transmission. It was the most fuel-efficient car in its size class, achieving up to 36 mpg highway and 24 in the city with the manual transmission option (along with Dodge's version, the Dart Lite).^[14]
• The Space Duster had fold-down rear seat and security panel and combined with the luggage compartment, offered over 50 cu ft (1.4 m³). of cargo space. (This feature was actually introduced, optionally, in 1973).
• The Silver Duster had special stripes and a cloth Boca Raton style interior^[vague].

The Duster 360 option was deleted as a separate model as the engine became an option on any trim level Duster, and only 1300 or so cars were equipped with it. The 1976 360-powered Duster (and Dart Sport 360) was still without a catalytic converter, and while its power was down to 225 bhp (168 kW), the car could still manage 0-60 mph in 7.9 seconds when equipped with the 3.21 rear axle gearing.

Replacement[edit]

In mid-1976 the Dodge Aspen and Plymouth Volare twins replaced the Dodge Dart and Plymouth Duster which were still based on bodies originally sold in 1967. The fastback coupes featured a solid B-pillar with fixed rear glass. These new models were introduced to compete with the more upscale Ford Granada and Mercury Monarch.^[15]

Advertising[edit]

From 1974 to 1975, actress Judy Strangis was a TV pitchwoman for the Plymouth Duster in the role of 'Mean Mary Jean,' wearing a football jersey and short denim hot-pants.^[16][17][18] Strangis also promoted Chrysler Corporation's Plymouth Volare and Plymouth Road Runner models and often appeared at Chrysler promotions and auto shows around the country.

Notes[edit]

1. ^Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (10 October 2007). 'Designing the 1970 Plymouth Duster'. howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
2. ^ ^abNorbye, Jan P.; Dunne, Jim (January 1970). 'Detroit's economy cars are basic ... but not cheap'. Popular Science. 196 (1): 122–127. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
3. ^Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (10 October 2007). '1970 Chrysler Compact Cars'. HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
4. ^Samsen, John. 'The Plymouth Duster SportWagon Concept Car'. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
5. ^'1970-1994 Plymouth Duster and Dodge Demon cars'. Allpar. 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
6. ^ ^abAuto Editors of Consumer Guide (10 October 2007). '1970-1976 Plymouth Duster'. HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
7. ^'You can save a little money by buying a VW instead of a Duster (advertisement)'. Life. 73 (19): 38. 10 November 1972. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
8. ^'How one Duster can beat four Vegas (advertisement)'. Popular Mechanics. 138 (6): 51. December 1972. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
9. ^Gunnell, John A., ed. (1987). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975. Krause Publications. p. 565. ISBN0-87341-027-0.
10. ^'1970-1976 Plymouth Duster'. 10 October 2007.
11. ^Direct Connection Race Bulletin #8 page 19 PN P4007913, printed July 1980
12. ^Gunnell, page 574.
13. ^1974 Plymouth sales brochure.
14. ^1976 Dodge Dart factory literature form no. 81-205-6002, printed September 1975
15. ^Knutson, Lanny. '1976 Plymouth Volare and Dodge Aspen - Introduction and Reviews'. Allpar.com. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
16. ^OsbornTramain (8 March 2014). '1974 Plymouth Duster - Mean Mary Jean --Better Quality Version - Featuring Judy Strangis' – via YouTube.
17. ^RetroActive (24 October 2010). 'Mean Mary Jean Plymouth 1970s Commercial' – via YouTube.
18. ^Bionic Disco (31 October 2015). 'Plymouth Gold Duster Commercial (1974)' – via YouTube.

External links[edit]

• Plymouth Duster at the Internet Movie Cars Database

The Volkswagen 01M transmission is an electronic/ hydraulic four-speed automatic transmission deployed in Cabrio, Jetta, Golf, GTI, New Beetle manufactured between 1995 through 2005, and transverse engine Passats manufactured between 1995 through 1997. This transmission was entirely engineered and most probably manufactured by the French company STA (owned by Renault) in Ruitz (Pas-de-Calais, France).

Design[edit]

The 01M and its predecessor 096 are very similar to the other transmissions engineered and manufactured by STA: AR4, AD4 and AD8, which were deployed on Renault vehicles in the 1980s and 1990s. It is an electronically controlled transmission with a lockup torque converter, using planetary gears, clutch packs, and a gear-driven final drive with an open-differential. There is no chain inside this transmission. It does not have provision for a dipstick. It was determined that a dipstick and fill might invite owners to introduce incorrect or inferior fluid. More information on design and function can be found in VW's publications, mechanic's Self Study Programs SSP112 for early versions for the 92-94 096, or SSP172 for 01M from 95-06.

The transmission has an oil-to-liquid cooler mounted on top of the transmission. Transmission oil is heated/cooled by the engine antifreeze that runs through the cooler.

Weak Points[edit]

Some areas of failure on this transmission include leaks in the oil filling tube by removing the cap incorrectly,bad desig leaks in the pan only use 4 screws, damage to plastic internals due to fluid over-temperature conditions,colapsed and leaks in the transmisión oil cooler, internal fluid pressure leaks from torn piston diaphragms, worn piston bores for solenoids in aluminum valve body, and the resulting worn clutches and bands. Occasionally, the plastic speedometer drive gear will break and fall off of the differential carrier and the speedometer will stop working. To repair this, the transmission must be removed and the differential disassembled far enough to replace the plastic gear. With age, the resistance in the wiring and/or electrical terminals between the valve body and transmission controller can increase. The additional resistance may prevent the computer from reading the faint pulses from the transmission speed sensors. Any sulfated connector and missing sensor signal causes the transmission to go to 'fail safe' or 'limp' mode. This mode keeps the transmission in Third gear and the gear indicator in the instrument panel indicates all gears are selected simultaneously.

Body Tech By Formula Dual Weight Stack Manual Transmission Fluid

Replacement[edit]

If replacing this transmission with a new or used transmission, pay special attention to the transmission code. The code is a three character code stamped in a pad just above the starter flange. This transmission was available in several gear ratios for different engines and vehicles, so it's important to get a transmission with the same code or another code known to be the same gear ratios. If the gear ratios are not the same the transmission controller will assume the transmission is slipping and go into fail safe mode.

Rebuilding[edit]

The 01M transmission is a specialized transmission used only on Volkswagen vehicles, although very similar to the ones used on Renault vehicles. As a result, most local transmission shops or national chains won't have specific training, knowledge and equipment to test and re-machine vital parts of this transmission. This may result in several teardowns under warranty to get an acceptable result, if possible at all.

Body Tech By Formula Dual Weight Stack Manual Transmission For Sale

Checking / Filling Oil Levels[edit]

The correct fluid is a synthetic mineral oil, such as Pentosin ATF-1, Mercon V or Volkswagen G 052 162 A2. 3.750 liters is usually sufficient for a filter change. The transmission fluid is checked from underneath the vehicle while running and the transmission in park. This must be completed before the transmission fully warms up (35-38°C). Once running, the drain plug on the bottom of the transmission oil pan is removed with a 5mm allen wrench. Some fluid will drip out whether oil level is full or low. There is a plastic stack in the hole, similar to a chimney, which keeps all the fluid from running out. This stack maintains the proper level at the proper temperature. If the fluid is 'glugging' or just barely running out the bottom hole when the temperature of the transmission is in the range of 95F-113F, no further action is needed. Reinstall drain plug and put fill cap back on. If no fluid comes out, fill the transmission with specified fluid a little at a time until fluid is observed 'glugging' or just barely running out the hole in the bottom. No further action is needed. Install drain plug and fill tube cap.

This transmission has a separate oil for the differential in the transmission, so there are two fluid levels to check. The differential fluid is checked by unscrewing the speed sensor gear assembly and use it as a dipstick. The speed sensor gear assembly is located on top of the transmission just above the right inner CV joint. Differential is emptied by removing the final drive cover on the rear of the transmission or by vacuum extraction through the speed sensor hole. Vacuum extraction is the more attractive option since a paper gasket seals the steel cover and access is very difficult. Filling is through the speed sensor hole. Differential oil capacity is about 1 liter. An acceptable differential oil is Redline synthetic MT-90 75W90 gear oil or any synthetic 75W90 GL4 gear oil. Be very careful not to introduce sand or dust into the differential, as the differential has no way to filter its oil.

Transmission Controller[edit]

The shifting of this transmission is controlled by the Transmission Control Module, or TCM. There are three shift modes that the transmission can be set to which alters the shift points as well as the speed of the shifts (amount of transmission slip between shifts). Factory Mode, Economy/Touring Mode and Sport Mode. Economy mode endeavors to keep the engine revolutions lower to save fuel, while Sport mode allows the engine to rev higher before shifts, as well as shift faster with a sacrifice to economy. Changing these modes require transmission programming through a factory scan tool.

This computer uses 'fuzzy logic' to learn the driving habits of the driver in order to set its specific shift points. If two or more drivers with different driving styles have been driving the car, the TCM may become 'confused' and start acting goofy. Such goofy behavior may manifest in hard shifting, slipping, trouble getting in gear at idle, etc.

A quick fix is to reset the 'fuzzy logic' by performing the following: Sitting in the driver's seat turn the ignition on without starting the car. Immediately put the accelerator to the floor. Count to five seconds. Release the pedal. Turn the key off then immediately start the engine.

If your problem is from a confused TCM, this will solve the problem. This will not reset trouble codes in the computer. That must be done with the proper OBDII scan tool such as the VAG 5052, VAG COM tool at the VW dealer.

The transmission computer is located under the back seat on Volkswagen Golf Mk3 /Jetta/Passat models, under the right side dashboard cover on Volkswagen New Beetle models, and in the wiper area plenum on other Volkswagen Golf Mk4/Jetta models.

Predecessors[edit]

Before the 01M transmission, VW used the 096 four-speed for Mk3 Golf/Jetta cars from 1992-1994. These cars will have a SPORT/ECONOMY switch near the shifter or on the dashboard to alter the shift points.

But the original ancestor was the AR4 transmission, deployed on Renault vehicles with longitudinal engines (4 and 6 cylinders) in the 1980s : R25, R21 and Espace. Two different versions for transverse engines were developed in the early 1990s : AD4 for 4 cylinders (Renault Clio, Mégane, Laguna, Safrane) and AD8 for 6 cylinders (Renault Laguna, Safrane). Both 096 and 01M VW transmissions are similar to the AD4, and many parts are interchangeable.

Some of the 096 parts were held over for the 01M transmission, such as oil filter, oil pan, filler tube, gaskets, speedometer gears, skid plate, etc. These transmissions have different torque converters and other internal parts that are not interchangeable.

Successor[edit]

The 01M production ended with the last of the Mk4 body style Golf in 2006. It was succeeded by the Jatco JF506E transmission designed 5-speed automatic (09A) Tiptronic, and later an Aisin 6-speed automatic (09G) Tiptronic transmission in New Beetle Convertibles, as well as a Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG) based dual clutch transmission in recent models of the above cars. The DSG does not have a torque converter, and is more akin to a pair of manual transmissions within a single housing.

References[edit]